Sustainability of Intensive Livestock Operations (ILOs) means more than just environmental sustainability; it includes social and economic factors as well. Here’s an overview of ILOs that will help dispel common misconceptions about them, and explain what they are, how they’re regulated and how they operate.
In Saskatchewan, ILOs are farms where animals are confined to less than 370 square meters (4,000 square feet) per animal unit (AU). An "animal unit" is equivalent to one cow, 200 broiler chickens or six feeder pigs. ILOs are regulated under The Agricultural Operations Act and its regulations to protect ground and surface water from contamination. The regulations are designed to balance agricultural growth with sustainability, ensuring that the environment remains safe and usable for future generations.
ILOs must obtain an approval from the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture. This is a certificate confirming the operation meets regulatory standards, including waste storage/management plans, and that water resources are protected. The application process involves submitting a detailed assessment by the operator and their engineer which identifies potential environmental risks and proposes design plans to mitigate contamination.
Manure storage is a key focus of the regulations. Manure may be stored as solid or liquid waste. Liquid manure is typically kept in an earthen manure storage system or a tank, and the storage site must be evaluated for geological and hydrogeological factors to minimize environmental risks. Solid manure, often from feedlot pens, requires runoff controls to prevent contaminants from spreading.
In addition to manure storage, livestock mortalities require specific management, as improper disposal of dead animals can lead to groundwater contamination. An evaluation is conducted to identify a suitable disposal location and method, typically burial or composting. These measures are essential for avoiding ground and surface water contamination.
Saskatchewan’s agricultural growth plan identifies ILOs as a key contributor to our economy—they provide jobs, a local market for feed and contribute to soil health. However, achieving sustainable growth requires planning to ensure that environmental impact is minimized. Strategic site selection and effective waste storage/management are crucial components of a successful, environmentally responsible livestock operation. Through initiatives like the Sustainable Canadian Agricultural Partnership (Sustainable CAP) program, funding is available to support ILOs in enhancing manure storage and runoff controls, helping to ensure that both agricultural and environmental goals are met.
Just like businesses which raise and sell pets or companion animals, ILOs are also required to follow regulations to ensure the well-being of the animals in their care. Under The Animal Protection Act, 2018, ILOs are required to provide adequate food, water, shelter, living space, sanitation and necessary veterinary care. The Animal Protection Regulations, 2018 reference the minimum standards of care for various species of animals. Initial signs of animal distress may include restlessness, lack of appetite and an altered temperament; chronic distress may lead to reduced growth and fertility rate and suppressed immunity. A veterinarian should be contacted if a producer believes their animals are in any distress.
Under this regulatory framework, these operations must provide adequate care for their animals and promptly address any signs of distress. For animal distress concerns, contact the Animal Protection Services of Saskatchewan (1-844-382-0022) or your local RCMP detachment.