Adoption of sound soil management techniques ensures crops can take full advantage of available moisture and nutrients. Soil health, including organic matter, can be improved and maintained by using reduced or minimum till, eliminating the use of summer or chem-fallow, properly applying manure, preventing water and wind erosion, minimizing soil compaction, using soil-building crop rotations and practising the 4R Nutrient Stewardship Principles.
Soil and nutrient management plans are an important part of the 4R Nutrient Stewardship Principles of the right source of nutrients applied at the right rate, right time and right place. A good plan considers target yields, crop type and field history, soil type, problem areas, organic matter, soil test results and any potential residual nutrient carryover. Regular soil testing is critical to ensure no excess nitrogen is applied; using enhanced efficiency fertilizers reduces nitrogen losses through volatilization or denitrification. Remember to never broadcast nutrients such as synthetic fertilizers and/or manure when the ground is frozen or snow-covered.