Government of Saskatchewan ministries, Crown corporations and organizations are implementing contingency plans to minimize the impacts of postal service disruption.
Les ministères, sociétés d’État et organismes du gouvernement de la Saskatchewan mettent en œuvre des plans d’urgence visant à réduire les répercussions de l’interruption du service des postes.
Google Translate Disclaimer
A number of pages on the Government of Saskatchewan's website have been professionally translated in French. These translations are identified by a yellow box in the right or left rail that resembles the link below. The home page for French-language content on this site can be found at:
Where an official translation is not available, Google™ Translate can be used. Google™ Translate is a free online language translation service that can translate text and web pages into different languages. Translations are made available to increase access to Government of Saskatchewan content for populations whose first language is not English.
Software-based translations do not approach the fluency of a native speaker or possess the skill of a professional translator. The translation should not be considered exact, and may include incorrect or offensive language. The Government of Saskatchewan does not warrant the accuracy, reliability or timeliness of any information translated by this system. Some files or items cannot be translated, including graphs, photos and other file formats such as portable document formats (PDFs).
Any person or entities that rely on information obtained from the system does so at his or her own risk. Government of Saskatchewan is not responsible for any damage or issues that may possibly result from using translated website content. If you have any questions about Google™ Translate, please visit: Google™ Translate FAQs.
For the purpose of book values, a single value must be selected. Manure production from a 669 kg cow of 115 L/lactating cow/day (0.164 L/kg cow/day) is in the middle of the observed range in Saskatchewan. This volume of manure has a moisture content of approximately 92 per cent (Properties of liquid dairy manure in Saskatchewan - Equation 3).
Nitrogen loss is about 15 per cent (from Properties of liquid dairy manure in Saskatchewan - Figure 3) and nitrogen concentration is about 34 g/10 L manure.
Each of these values is near the middle of the range and each value seems reasonable.
Phosphorus
Kaizer et al (2004) found that in Manitoba, phosphorus concentration fed to milk cows is 0.48 per cent of dry matter. From this, the ASAE model predicts that phosphorus excretion is 80.4 g/lactating cow/d. This results in phosphorus concentration of 7 g/10 L manure at manure production of 115 L/lactating cow/d.
This concentration falls toward the high end of the range observed in the dataset. Two reasonable explanations for this difference are:
Samples tend to be drawn from the surface of a manure storage, whereas solids containing phosphorus tend to settle toward the bottom. If the storage is not thoroughly agitated prior to sampling, phosphorus may be under represented.
For book-values in Saskatchewan, the average value observed in Saskatchewan of 5.6 g P/10 L will be selected. This falls between the average value observed in Manitoba and the value predicted by the ASAE model.
Manure volume for lactating cows (as-excreted)
The volume of manure produced by a dry cow should be somewhat less than that of a lactating cow less milk house waste. Without the addition of 40 L water, a 669 kg (1,475) cow would have manure production of 75 L/lactating cow/d. In the dataset collected by Nennich et al (2005) the average manure excretion of a 669 kg lactating cow is 70.4 kg. This is equivalent to 72.4 L at moisture content of 88 per cent. This lends confidence to the estimates of both 40 L wash water and 115 L manure production of a lactating cow.
Since dry cows are fed less than lactating cows, manure production of a dry cow should be somewhat less than 75 L/cow/d.
We need your feedback to improve saskatchewan.ca. Help us improve
